Ebola 'could become airborne': United Nations warns of 'nightmare scenario' as virus spreads to the US

Friday 03 October 2014

Ebola 'could become airborne': United Nations warns of 'nightmare scenario' as virus spreads to the US

Exclusive: Anthony Banbury, chief of the UN's Ebola mission, says there is a chance the deadly virus could mutate to become infectious through the air

By Katherine Rushton

4:36PM BST 02 Oct 2014

There is a ‘nightmare’ chance that the Ebola virus could become airborne if the epidemic is not brought under control fast enough, the chief of the UN’s Ebola mission has warned.

Anthony Banbury, the Secretary General’s Special Representative, said that aid workers are racing against time to bring the epidemic under control, in case the Ebola virus mutates and becomes even harder to deal with.

“The longer it moves around in human hosts in the virulent melting pot that is West Africa, the more chances increase that it could mutate,” he told the Telegraph. “It is a nightmare scenario [that it could become airborne], and unlikely, but it can’t be ruled out.”

He admitted that the international community had been “a bit late” to respond to the epidemic, but that it was “not too late” and that aid workers needed to “hit [Ebola] hard” to rein in the deadly disease.

Mr Banbury was speaking shortly before the first Ebola diagnosis was made in the US on Tuesday evening. The man, who contracted Ebola in Liberia before flying to Dallas, Texas, is the first case to be diagnosed outside Africa, where the disease has already killed more than 3,000 people.
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The number of people infected with Ebola is doubling every 20 to 30 days, and the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention has forecast that there could be as many as 1.4m cases of Ebola by January, in the worst case scenario. More than 3,300 people have been killed by the disease this year.

Mr Banbury, who has served in the UN since 1988, said that the epidemic was the worst disaster he had ever witnessed.

“We have never seen anything like it. In a career working in these kinds of situations, wars, natural disasters – I have never seen anything as serious or dangerous or high risk as this one. I’ve heard other people saying this as well, senior figures who are not being alarmist. Behind closed doors, they are saying they have never seen anything as bad,” he said.

However, he added that the UN now has the “political will” and most of the materials it needs to bring the epidemic under control. He flew to Ghana on Sunday, and is leading a mission which aims to rein in the spread of Ebola within the next 90 days.

“We have the political will. We are getting them [the resources]. They are not quite there but we are getting them. Now is the time to implement, implement, implement. It is all about speed now.

“There is a limited window of opportunity. We need to hit it and we need to hit it hard. We haven’t done that but we are doing it now.

"Certainly we are late but the expectation is that we are not too late. We are going to have a very big, fast effort…I have never seen the UN move at this speed or with such coordination. We are seeing the kind of response we need, but yes, it’s a bit late.”

Although experts agree that the risks from Ebola are severe they do not believe the virus could become airborne.

Professor David Heymann CBE, chairman of Public Health England and professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said no virus transmitted by bodily fluids - as Ebola is - had ever mutated to airborne transmission.

"There has never been a virus transmitted in this manner that converts to a respiratory virus, and there is no evidence that this has ever occurred in the epidemiology," he said at a discussion programme on the virus in London on Wednesday night. He mentioned HIV and Hepatitis B as example of viruses transmitted by bodily fluids that had "never converted to a respiratory virus".

Dr Jeremy Farrar, Director of the Wellcome Trust, added that a sense of proportion should be kept when discussing Ebola.

“The chances of Ebola becoming airborne are extremely small. I am not aware of any viral infection changing its mode of transmission. It’s important we retain a sense of proportion and not exaggerate the risks for it changing and becoming airborne," he told the Telegraph. "There is already enough fear and panic surrounding this epidemic.

"Of more concern is that the virus could become endemic in Western Africa, so unlike big outbreaks like this we could have smaller numbers of cases but circulating continuously. This is where we need to focus our efforts and attention – on trying to stop this outbreak before it establishes itself in Western African countries.”

The UN team will need to spend the first 30 days getting emergency infrastructure and training in place, ensuring that aid workers and medical supplies are ready to be deployed wherever there is a new Ebola outbreak. They aim to control the disease as far as possible within those communities.

“We intend to see a significant improvement in the 30 to 60-day window, so that by 90 days the curve is headed in the right direction. We are putting resource in place very fast, and we will continue to flow in. It is not all there at the moment,” Mr Banbury said. “That’s the theory and that’s the plan. If it spreads in an urban setting, then it’s a different story.”

“I would not say I am confident we will succeed [in the 90-day plan] given the absolutely merciless numbers of the spread and what needs to be done to get it under control. These are extremely, extremely ambitious targets, set by doctors. We are blowing down bureaucratic barriers to get things done…but I don’t know if it will be enough…I would not want to give the impression that we can wave a magic wand.”

It is a mistake to treat the Ebola epidemic as just a medical crisis, he added. Instead it is a logistical and economic crisis, whose impact is strongest in those countries hardest hit by Ebola – Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone – but which may be felt around the world.

“Farmers are being impacted. Markets are being impacted. We will probably see much higher food prices and other people, like restaurant workers, will lose out on wages,” he said

“The crisis is far beyond a medical one. It is very much an economic crisis, both macro and micro. It is going to affect food security and have a devastating impact on the livelihoods of hundreds of thousands of people who were able to earn a living as farmers and food workers but are not any longer. The economic shock around this is terrible.”

Other experts, however, believe the risk of the virus becoming airborne risks being overstated.

Professor David Heymann CBE, chairman of Public Health England and professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said no virus transmitted by bodily fluids - as Ebola is - had ever mutated to airborne transmission.

"There has never been a virus transmitted in this manner that converts to a respiratory virus, and there is no evidence that this has ever occurred in the epidemiology," he said at a discussion programme on the virus in London on Wednesday night. He mentioned HIV and Hepatitis B as example of viruses transmitted by bodily fluids that had "never converted to a respiratory virus".

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/ebola/11135883/Ebola-could-become-airborne-United-Nations-warns-of-nightmare-scenario-as-virus-spreads-to-the-US.html

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Will the Ebola virus go airborne?

Will the Ebola virus go airborne?
September 17, 2014 by ieyenews 

A Microscopic view of the Ebola virusBy Dina Fine Maron, Scientific American From Nature.com

Experts say the possibility remains remote.

Could Ebola go airborne? That’s the fear set off last week by a New York Times op-ed entitled “What We’re Afraid to Say about Ebola” from Michael Osterholm, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota. Although clinicians readily agree that the Ebola virus leaps from one person to the next via close contact with blood and other bodily fluids, Osterholm warned that the risk of airborne transmission is “real” and “until we consider it, the world will not be prepared to do what is necessary to end the epidemic.”

But interviews with several infectious diseases experts reveal that whereas such a mutation — or more likely series of mutations — might physically be possible, it’s highly unlikely. In fact, there’s almost no historical precedent for any virus to change its basic mode of transmission so radically. “We have so many problems with Ebola, let’s not make another one that, of course, is theoretically possible but is pretty way down on the list of likely issues,” says infectious diseases expert William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University.

“Everything that is happening now can easily be comprehensively explained by person-to-person spread via body contact. We don’t have to invoke anything else.”

Here is what it would take for it to become a real airborne risk: First off, a substantial amount of Ebola virus would need to start replicating in cells that reside in the throat, the bronchial tubes and possibly in the lungs. Second, the airborne method would have to be so much more efficient than the current extremely efficient means of transmission that it would overcome any genetic costs to the virus stemming from the mutation itself

Currently, Ebola typically gains entry into the body through breaks in the skin, the watery fluid around the eye or the moist tissues of the nose or mouth. Then it infects various cells of the immune system, which it tricks into making more copies of itself. The end result: a massive attack on the blood vessels, not the respiratory system.

Even viruses that are well adapted to attacking the respiratory system often have a hard time getting transmitted through the airways. Consider the experience so far with avian flu, which is easily transmitted through the air in birds but hasn’t yet mutated to become easily spreadable in that fashion among people.

What’s the hold-up? “The difficulty is that those [flu] viruses don’t have the protein attachments that can actually attach to cells in the upper airway. They have to develop attachments to do that,” Schaffner says. So even if a virus were exhaled, it would need to lodge onto something in another person’s cells that are already prepared for it in the upper airway. “Since the virus doesn’t have attachment factors that can work in the upper airway, it’s very rare for it to go human to human, and then it almost always stops and doesn’t get to a third person,” Schaffner notes. Similarly for Ebola, the virus would have to develop attachments that would allow it to easily attach receptors in the upper respiratory pathway — something that neither it (nor any of its viral cousins) has been known to do in the wild.

And yet Ebola already spreads very easily without such mutations. The delicate lock-and-key protein–virus fit required for the virus to successfully latch onto and replicate in the airway has not developed because there is no evolutionary pressure for it to do so; it simply would not be an efficient option. Epidemiologists can take some comfort in that.

As the virus continues to circulate through west Africa, it may like any other pathogen continue to acquire genetic mutations. So far, however, there is no indication that Ebola is mutating in a way that could allow it to make the leap from becoming transmissible via contact with body fluids (as it is now) to become a germ that could be transmitted by breathing the same air, according to WHO. With Ebola, “I don’t think we have the information at this time to know what the real risk is but it is probably not zero,” says Ebola expert Thomas Geisbert, a virologist at The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.

The incident that put the specter of airborne Ebola on the map was chronicled in the book The Hot Zone, wherein, in 1989, the virus was apparently spread via the air from monkey to monkey (although it did not make the leap to humans working in the lab). But experts have subsequently wondered if that lone circumstance of primate-to-primate air transmission was fueled by the lab setting and man-made systems. As Osterholm notes in his piece, in 2012 researchers found that a strain of Ebola was spread from pigs to nonhuman primates via the air in a different lab setting. The virus, however, did not then spread from monkey-to-monkey in those circumstances.

Questions remain about the current strain of Ebola thriving in west Africa. Apart from the environmental, economic and social circumstances that have fueled its spread, does the virus itself have special characteristics that set it apart? Is it, for example, growing faster or at higher viral concentrations than previous strains? But the jury is still out on this and other questions. Right now we have few answers about this Ebola strain, yet we do know that a massive injection of finances and personnel will be needed to contain it in the months ahead. As of Friday it had claimed more than 2,400 lives.

For more on this story go to: http://www.nature.com/news/will-the-ebola-virus-go-airborne-1.15943?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=tumblr

IMAGE: A MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF THE EBOLA VIRUS From caribbean360

See related story: http://www.caribbean360.com/news/expert-fears-ebola-could-mutate-to-become-airborne?utm_source=Caribbean360%20Newsletters&utm_campaign=4d69cbc7e6-Vol_9_Issue_186_News9_17_2014&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_350247989a-4d69cbc7e6-39393477

http://www.ieyenews.com/wordpress/will-the-ebola-virus-go-airborne/

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Will the Ebola virus go airborne? (And is that even the right question?)

Will the Ebola virus go airborne? (And is that even the right question?)

By Sarah Larimer September 15 at 5:00 PM

Guinea's Red Cross health workers wear protective suits to prepare to carry the body of an Ebola victim. (Cellou Binani/AFP/Getty Images)

The Ebola virus, which has killed more than 2,400 people during the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, spreads through contact with bodily fluids. That means you can catch it from infected blood, for example, or if you come in contact with vomit from an Ebola patient.

You can't catch it from breathing in the same air as someone suffering from Ebola — at least you can't right now. But as the virus continues to spread and mutate, could airborne transmission become a concern?

Michael T. Osterholm, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota, raised that possibility in a New York Times op-ed last week.

"Why are public officials afraid to discuss this?" Osterholm wrote in a piece headlined "What We're Afraid to Say About Ebola." "They don’t want to be accused of screaming 'Fire!' in a crowded theater — as I’m sure some will accuse me of doing. But the risk is real, and until we consider it, the world will not be prepared to do what is necessary to end the epidemic."

When asked about the piece and the possibility of airborne Ebola, Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told The Post on Monday that he wasn't "pooh-poohing" the idea, but that the terrifying scenario probably wouldn't occur — and that officials should focus on more imminent concerns.

"The fact is, historically, it is unlikely to happen," Fauci said. "Not impossible, but unlikely. What is very, very likely is that if we don't do something transformationally bigger than what we're doing now ... this is going to get even more out of control than it is."

But what about if a person is standing next an Ebola patient, and he or she spits while talking? That's something we should worry about, right?

Just forget the hypotheticals, Fauci said.

"It's very difficult for people to separate a hypothetical possibility from a likelihood," Fauci said. "If we got overly concerned over every hypothetical possibility, people would be frightened all the time."

Discussions like this can be frustrating to scientists, said Rich Condit, a panelist on the podcast this Week in Virology.

"This is what bothered me more than anything else — and it comes from the [op-ed's] title itself — is this idea that scientists are reluctant to discuss openly something, or are considering it in private," said Condit, a smallpox expert.

"It fosters …" Condit added, before stopping. "Oh, this is so annoying!"

It fosters a public distrust of scientists, Condit continued. And that can sometimes be really dangerous.

It's true that the situation in Africa could change, said Christian Brechot, president of the Pasteur Institute. But it's also true that there's no evidence to show that Ebola has gone airborne. And that means that instead of asking whether medical teams are ready for airborne transmission, Brechot said, we should be asking if they are ready for any scenario.

"We should work all together to prepare, to prepare for anything to happen," Brechot said.

Osterholm was not available for comment Monday.

More than 2,400 Ebola-related deaths have been recorded in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, according to the World Health Organization, with 4,784 probable, confirmed and suspected cases of the virus reported in the Ebola-ravaged region.
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Scientists sometimes talk differently than other people, Condit said. They don't like to communicate absolute certainties, and they're used to being wrong. That sometimes conflicts with what the public wants to hear and leads to misunderstandings.

Turning the conversation about Ebola toward whether the virus could be transmitted through the air, he said, would be "a huge distraction from the real problem" of getting care to those who need it.

"It's not true," Condit said. "It's not true that they're all worried. It's not true that they're keeping stuff under wraps. It's just not true."

RELATED READING:

As Ebola cases accelerate, Liberia’s sick must fend for themselves

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Ebola's deadly toll: Portraits of grief

Suiting up for Ebola
Sarah Larimer is a general assignment reporter for the Washington Post.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2014/09/15/will-the-ebola-virus-go-airborne-and-is-that-even-the-right-question/

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Ebola in the air? A nightmare that could happen

Members of a volunteer medical team wear protective gear before the burying the body of an Ebola victim in Conakry, Guinea, on September 13. Health officials say the Ebola outbreak in West Africa is the deadliest ever. More than 4,700 cases have been reported since December, with more than 2,400 of them ending in fatalities, according to the World Health Organization. 

Ebola in the air? A nightmare that could happen

By Elizabeth Cohen, Senior Medical Correspondent
September 13, 2014 -- Updated 0104 GMT (0904 HKT)



(CNN) -- Today, the Ebola virus spreads only through direct contact with bodily fluids, such as blood and vomit. But some of the nation's top infectious disease experts worry that this deadly virus could mutate and be transmitted just by a cough or a sneeze.

"It's the single greatest concern I've ever had in my 40-year public health career," said Dr. Michael Osterholm, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota. "I can't imagine anything in my career -- and this includes HIV -- that would be more devastating to the world than a respiratory transmissible Ebola virus."

Osterholm and other experts couldn't think of another virus that has made the transition from non-airborne to airborne in humans. They say the chances are relatively small that Ebola will make that jump. But as the virus spreads, they warned, the likelihood increases.

Every time a new person gets Ebola, the virus gets another chance to mutate and develop new capabilities. Osterholm calls it "genetic roulette."
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As of Friday, there have been 4,784 cases of Ebola, with 2,400 deaths, according to the World Health Organization, which says the virus is spreading at a much faster rate now than it was earlier in the outbreak.

Ebola is an RNA virus, which means every time it copies itself, it makes one or two mutations. Many of those mutations mean nothing, but some of them might be able to change the way the virus behaves inside the human body.

"Imagine every time you copy an essay, you change a word or two. Eventually, it's going to change the meaning of the essay," said Dr. C.J. Peters, one of the heroes featured in "The Hot Zone."

That book chronicles the 1989 outbreak of Ebola Reston, which was transmitted among monkeys by breathing. In 2012, Canadian researchers found that Ebola Zaire, which is involved in the current outbreak, was passed from pigs to monkeys in the air.

Dr. James Le Duc, the director of the Galveston National Laboratory at the University of Texas, said the problem is that no one is keeping track of the mutations happening across West Africa, so no one really knows what the virus has become.

One group of researchers looked at how Ebola changed over a short period of time in just one area in Sierra Leone early on in the outbreak, before it was spreading as fast as it is now. They found more than 300 genetic changes in the virus.

"It's frightening to look at how much this virus mutated within just three weeks," said Dr. Pardis Sabeti, an associate professor at Harvard and senior associate member of the Broad Institute, where the research was done.

Even without becoming airborne, the virus has overwhelmed efforts to stop it.

The group Doctors Without Borders says Monrovia, Liberia, needs 1,000 beds for Ebola patients but has only 240, and it has had to turn patients away, sending them back to neighborhoods where they could infect more people.

This week, a Pentagon spokesman said the United States is sending a 25-bed field hospital to Monrovia.

"A 25-bed hospital with nobody to staff it? That's not the scale we need to be thinking about," Le Duc said. "It's an absolute embarrassment. When there was a typhoon in the Philippines, the Navy was there in 48 hours and had billions of dollars in resources."

Osterholm commended groups like Doctors Without Borders but said uncoordinated efforts by individual organizations are no match for Ebola spreading swiftly through urban areas.

"This is largely dysfunctional. Nobody's in command, and nobody's in charge," he said. "It's like not having air traffic control at an airport. The planes would just crash into each other."

Funerals, ghost towns and haunted health workers

The roots of our Ebola fears

CNN's John Bonifield contributed to this story.

http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/12/health/ebola-airborne/

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Containment Is Not Possible, Ebola Is Already Airborne

Containment Is Not Possible, Ebola Is Already Airborne

13 Sep, 2014 by Dave Hodges

Health experts continue to dispute the question of whether or not the Ebola virus disease could mutate to spread in an airborne manner. These experts are dead wrong and this article will demonstrate that Ebola has breached any hope of containment and the virus is indeed airborne and that these facts have been known for sometime.
The Best Case Scenario

This week, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a stern warning that there may be thousands of new and presently undiagnosed cases of Ebola, each week in Sierra Leone, Guinea and Nigeria, which will surface by early October of 2014. A total of 15 countries could be involved in the outbreak and this could put the lives of 22 million people at risk. These projections by WHO are based on the fact that the present strain of Ebola will remain transmissible through only direct physical contact with bodily fluids and exposure to an infected food supply.


The Quiet Voices of Science Express Concern About the Spread of Ebola

Some of the nation’s top infectious disease experts worry that one of the deadliest viruses on the planet could mutate and be transmitted just by a mere cough or a sneeze. Michael Osterholm, the director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy a the University of Minnesota, writing for the New York Times stated that “The second possibility is one that virologists are loath to discuss openly but are definitely considering in private: that an Ebola virus could mutate to become transmissible through the air“.



Yesterday, on September 12, 2012, Osterholm  also told CNN that “It’s the single greatest concern I’ve ever had in my 40-year public health career.” Echoing Osterholm, Dr. David Heymann, professor for the London School of Hygiene of Tropical Medicine, said “It is impossible to predict how any virus will mutate”.
Both Osterholm and Heymann note that virologists are extremely hesitant to discuss the possibility of discussing the possibility and potential for Ebola to become an airborne virus because they are scared to death of being professionally discredited and accused of whipping up hysteria with regard to the dangers posed by the present Ebola outbreak. However, in private, they both state, that anyone close to the virus are expressing grave fears about this possibility. In fact, Osterholm specifically stated in the New York Times article that … it’s something they are “definitely considering in private.”
Osterholm is not merely expressing the fear that Ebola will go airborne based upon a knee-jerk emotional response. Osterholm’s observations are based upon his knowledge of the fact that the replication of Ebola has been “notoriously sloppy in replicating”, which greatly increases the chances that  the present form of Ebola can morph into a new strain that is considerably more dangerous and very possibly would become airborne.
The Disturbing Findings of Canadian Researchers

Other researchers have stated that is imperative to better understand  where people come into contact with Ebola-infected animals. As it turns out, the transmission of Ebola through human to human contact with bodily fluids is not the only present means for spreading the virus. For example through hunting or eating the African bush meat , it has been discovered that the virus is likely being spread through this type of contact as well. This is something that the corporate-controlled media is not reporting truthfully as the nature of their reports act as if Ebola cannot be spread from animal to human.



The airborne transmission of Ebola from species to species is already an established scientific fact, despite what is being reported on FOX, CBS, ABC, etc.


Why Isn’t CNN Reporting This?

    In 2009, a Canadian research team, from the National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, headed by Carissa Embury-Hyatt, began conducting a research study entitled the Transmission of Ebola virus from pigs to non-human primates. The study determined that “Reston-Ebola was the first Ebola detected in swine with an indicated transmission to humans. In-contact transmission of Zaire-Ebola between pigs was demonstrated experimentally. Here we show Zaire-Ebola transmission from pigs to cynomolgus macaques without direct contact“.  This means that Ebola is already airborne and can jump species! The results of this disturbing study were published in September of 2012. If I can find this Canadian government study, then why can’t CNN?


More Disturbing Implications

This study definitely demonstrates that pigs can certainly be a host for Ebola. When humans consume an Ebola-infected pig as a food source, transmission of Ebola is likely. This has profound implications for the containment of Ebola.

Just for the sake of argument, let’s just say that every infected, and potentially infected human could be quarantined for the purpose of preventing transmission of Ebola to other humans. The Canadian research findings tells us that the transmission of Ebola through the food supply renders human quarantining to be a totally useless practice. Nobody could realistically estimate the degree of Ebola transmission amongst the animal population. However, since the Ebola is already airborne, it would be impossible to contain. And certainly the solution to this problem is to not just forego eating ham this Thanksgiving. It is simply too late to contain Ebola! How could we not conclude that Ebola is already airborne?

The Canadian study also mentions that at the time of publication, that they did not have sufficient proof that Ebola would “jump from non-human primates to humans” through airborne means, and that this was not the main focus of the research. However, when we apply the lens of common sense there is an inescapable consequence. If Ebola can be transmitted from pigs to monkeys through the air, then why can’t Ebola be transmitted from human to human in the same manner? And sadly, most researchers are too intimidated to speak about this, much less research the possibility.

The Canadian researchers do not stand alone in their findings regarding transmissibility of Ebola, several researchers have found that Ebola may be present in more animals than previously thought. According to researchers studying Ebola, they have found that “The deadly virus has been detected in chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, antelopes, porcupines, rodents, dogs, pigs and humans”.

What do these facts say about the collective wisdom of the CDC and Obama’s administration as they have brought a fourth Ebola patient back into the United States? If Ebola has ANY chance of being airborne, then why would the government bring any infected person into the country?

Dire Implications for the United States

ebola elephant in the roomWhen it comes to Ebola, there is an elephant in the room. In fact, there are several elephants in the room. The first elephant has to do with the migration pattern of the present Ebola outbreak. The outbreak is migrating to the East. To prevent world-wide contamination, Ebola would have to be contained in Africa. However, if the eastern migration of Ebola reaches India and its 1.2 billion people, Ebola will spread like a wildfire.

Ebola map

The second elephant in the room has to do with the fact that Ebola can be packaged and distributed a bio-terror weapon. And since the United States has a totally open southern border, which literally anyone can cross, this has enormously frightening implications for our people.

They say that bad things come in three’s and in this case, they are correct. The third elephant in the room has to do with the fact that our government is doing absolutely doing nothing in the form of containment. In the light of the present health crisis, would it not have been prudent to detain illegal immigrants and test them for Ebola? Or, does science mean nothing to this administration? Or, perhaps, are there other motives which transcends the present level of ignorance on display?

By the way, why has the State Department ordered 160,000 HAZMAT suits?

http://www.thecommonsenseshow.com/2014/09/13/containment-is-not-possible-ebola-is-already-airborne/

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誰か翻訳で流してくれないかな。英語は面倒。